The wind affects the flight of the ball up until it lands. Roll-out is effected by the wind some, but friction with the grass is almost always greater than the force of the wind so it's negligible on fairways.
At higher wind speeds, say 15 mph and at an angle 90° to the line of a putt on the green wind speed will affect the line of the putt a little and has to be accounted for
Wind at an angle to the line of flight of the ball has less effect.
On a diagonal (45°, 135°, 225°, 315°, the wind strength is reduced to about 0.7x.
So a 10 mph wind at a 45° to the line of flight of the ball will affect the shot the same as a 7 mph wind at a 90° angle to the line of flight of the ball.
You might find this thread helpful too: http://www.wgt.com/forums/p/207460/1533053.aspx#1533053