I'm not sure about the "exacts" of it, but different courses definitely do play differently, even if the green speeds are the same.
As far as my experience goes...
- Kiawah Island: The Ocean Course - Normal
- Bethpage Black - Normal
- St. Andrew's - Slower
- Royal St. George's - Normal
- Oakmont Country Club - Faster
- Chateau Whistler - Normal
- Congressional Country Club - Normal
So, if you're playing at St. Andrew's, you may want to hit it a fraction harder than you're used to (i.e. 11 feet instead of 10), and if you're playing Oakmont, you may want to let up on your putts a fraction (i.e. 9 feet instead of 10).
But keep in mind, the differences are subtle.