That is an "old" bug, i had several times in last 3-4 clash battles. Mostly happens when U play another round in a clash after U just finished a clash round - consecutive rounds?
To minimize anger, check out your scorecard after first hole - if there are points gives shown, all fine; but if U see a zero points in the circle below score, quit round. If will not kill your pass or super pass (i double checked that), the number of passes granted remain unchanged.
It seems to me that this "game" is just not registered/linked to Country Club Clash database, so it is a "linking" error, cause it does not disturb game performance, just not adding result to your CC.
Hope I could make it clear, English is not my mother tongue.
Cheers, Kylander