Great question, and good one to post in forum.
Black Diamond GC carries players from pro to Tour Champ, and we have home grown players that have risen to the top. So I'm in the process of creating an essay that goes directly to your question which I will share with you when it's done, which might not be for a week or 2.
Preliminary thoughts:
It takes time, practice and memory. The latter is important. Remember holes, either by notes or repetition so it gets embedded in your brain.
As noted above, don't get enamored with equipment. Getting to the top requires top equipment, but first one has to learn the game. Buy later.
Learn distances (especially in air) on your clubs. How to do that is a separate post. With lower level balls, remember how much it rolls on approach shots. (BD has a top tier Legend who still plays with dirt cheap balls, but he knows how they behave after hitting ground.)
Last, and probably should be first: Putting, putting putting. Learn to putt. It's 1/2 the game. Even at my level, the difference between me and the elite players is all on the green.
Tom.