TheCarGuy: So I hit a 200 yard club at 190 strength into the wind. I overshoot the green by 25 yards. Makes absolutely no sense.
You didn't say what spin you used. I'm guessing flat.
Usually when people have a hard time with distances vs listed club yardage it's because they haven't learned what spin does. And what spin is necessary for their club's listed yardage to be hit. This varies between club sets and trajectorys.
Example My 3iron is listed at 225. Assuming a neutral wind and flat surface and no apparel bonuses etc etc. My ball will go 220 if i use Full back spin. Will go 240 if i use neutral or flat spin. So by tweaking the spin i can make it go anywhere from 220-240 at 100% power.
TheCarGuy: Downhill 12 ft putt at a 10 inch decline. I hit the putt like it is a 5 yard putt.
You didn't give the green speed. This matters. Plus a 5 yard putt means 15 feet. which is long no matter what green speed it was.
Here are the powers on the possible green speeds you played.
7.4- 5.4 feet
7.9- 4.2 feet
9.0- 3 feet
10.0 1.8 feet
12.0 This is what I (we) call a negative putt. meaning that you still have to hit it about 2 feet of power to maintain any line at all but if it doesn't hit the hole it's going to roll past it.
13.0 This is Tour legend and higher speed but it is also in the green speed in the latest clash rounds.
Also if have a cross break and don't read enough break it will add distance to the rollout. the faster the greens the greater this effect. Also if a wind is blowing in the direction of the break it can magnify this effect.
As far as the comebacker putt. If it was 12 speed green you'd need about 16 feet of power and if 13 you'd need about 15.5 power. If you didn't mess up the meter and you say you didn't then it would have to be not reading enough break on a crossbreaking putt.
To be honest it appears as if you just haven't learned the nuances of the game yet.