Don't know if this is the kind of help you are wanting to hear but it's how I did it. I just practiced more long putts , honest.
But one way you could do it is to keep track of different shots and see their reaction on paper.
For instance. shoot with just one iron a few holes and write down distances, like....full backspin went this far with X amount of wind at X wind direction. Then try it with no spin and then full topspin. Maybe after a few different clubs you will start to see a pattern.
I always try to do this but run out of patience and just go back to playing by feel (and by feel, I mean feeling my fingers crossed and hoping)